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Branching and Merging
Branching and Merging are key features of Git that enable parallel development and collaboration.
Branching:
A branch is a lightweight pointer to a commit.
Developers use branches to work on new features, bug fixes, or experiments independently from the main codebase.
The default branch is usually called main or master.
Creating a branch allows changes without affecting the main project.
Example:
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git branch feature1
git checkout feature1
or
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git checkout -b feature1
Merging:
Merging is the process of combining changes from one branch into another.
After development is complete on a branch, it is merged into the main branch to integrate the new code.
Git handles merges automatically if there are no conflicts. If conflicts occur, they must be resolved manually.
Example:
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git checkout main
git merge feature1
Types of Merge:
Fast-forward merge: If no new commits in main, Git moves the pointer forward.
Three-way merge: If both branches have new commits, Git uses the last common ancestor to merge.
Benefits:
Supports multiple developers.
Allows safe, isolated work.
Maintains clean, organized project history.
In summary, branching allows you to work independently, and merging brings your changes back together in a controlled way.
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