Locators (XPath, CSS, ID, Name)

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Locators (XPath, CSS, ID, Name)

In Selenium, locators are used to identify elements on a web page. The most common locators are ID, Name, XPath, and CSS Selector.

1. ID Locator
The id attribute is unique for each element. It is the fastest and most reliable locator.
Example: driver.findElement(By.id("username"));

2. Name Locator
This uses the name attribute. It is helpful when ID is not available.
Example: driver.findElement(By.name("email"));
Note: If multiple elements have the same name, it may select the first one.

3. XPath Locator
XPath is a powerful way to find elements using paths. It can navigate through any part of the HTML DOM.
There are two types:

• Absolute XPath: /html/body/div/input

• Relative XPath: //input[@type='text']
  Example: driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()='Submit']"));

4. CSS Selector
CSS selectors are fast and clean. They allow finding elements by ID, class, attribute, etc.
Examples:

• By ID: #login

• By class: .btn

• By attribute: input[type='text']
  Code: driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='text']"));

Summary:

• Use ID when available.

• Use Name when ID is missing.

• Use XPath for complex elements.

• Use CSS Selector for speed and flexibility.

Locators are key to writing stable and accurate Selenium tests.

Learn More

Functional vs Non-Functional Testing

Selenium Overview

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