How does the Django ORM work to interact with a database?

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How does the Django ORM work to interact with a database?

Here’s a detailed answer (approx. 1500 characters) to:

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✅ How does the Django ORM work to interact with a database?

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The Django ORM (Object-Relational Mapper) is a powerful feature that allows developers to interact with databases using Python code instead of SQL. It acts as a bridge between the object-oriented programming world of Python and the relational model of databases.

🔹 How It Works:

1. Define Models:
   In Django, each table in the database is represented by a Python class called a Model. Each class variable corresponds to a table column.

   from django.db import models
   
   class Student(models.Model):
       name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
       age = models.IntegerField()
   

2. Migrations:
   Django uses migrations to convert models into actual database tables.

   • python manage.py makemigrations creates migration files.

   • python manage.py migrate applies them to the database.

3. Querying Data:
   You can use Python methods to insert, retrieve, update, or delete data.

   • Create:

     Student.objects.create(name="John", age=21)
     

   • Read:

     Student.objects.all()
     Student.objects.filter(age=21)
     

   • Update:

     student = Student.objects.get(id=1)
     student.age = 22
     student.save()
     

   • Delete:

     student.delete()
     

4. SQL Abstraction:
   Django ORM automatically converts these Python commands into SQL queries in the background, making the process simpler and more secure.

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✅ Conclusion:

The Django ORM simplifies database operations by allowing developers to work with Python code instead of raw SQL, improving developer productivity, code readability, and security.

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