Encapsulation (pythone)

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Encapsulation  (pythone)

Encapsulation is one of the core concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). It refers to binding data (variables) and the methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit called a class. It also helps in restricting direct access to some components, which means internal details of an object are hidden from the outside world.

🔐 Key Features:

Data Hiding – Prevents outside access to internal data using private variables.

Control – Access is provided using getters and setters.

Security – Prevents accidental modification of data.

Code Maintenance – Makes code modular and easy to maintain.

🧑‍💻 Example in Python:

python

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class Person:

    def __init__(self, name):

        self.__name = name  # private variable

    def get_name(self):

        return self.__name

    def set_name(self, new_name):

        self.__name = new_name

Here, __name is private and can only be accessed or modified using get_name() and set_name().

✅ Benefits of Encapsulation:

Protects object integrity.

Increases flexibility and maintainability.

Reduces system complexity.

🔄 Real-Life Example:

A bank account object with a private balance variable. You can only deposit or withdraw money using specific methods — not directly modify the balance.

Conclusion:

Encapsulation improves security, prevents unauthorized access, and promotes clean, organized code in object-oriented programming.

Read more

Variables and Data Types in Python

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