Classes and Objects in Python
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Classes and Objects in Python
In Python, **classes and objects** are the building blocks of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). A **class** is a blueprint for creating objects, and an **object** is an instance of that class
### **Defining a Class**
A class defines properties (attributes) and behaviors (methods):
```python
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def greet(self):
print("Hello, my name is", self.name)
```
* `__init__` is a special method called a **constructor**, used to initialize object attributes.
* `self` refers to the current object.
---
### **Creating an Object**
```python
p1 = Person("Rahul", 25)
p1.greet() # Output: Hello, my name is Rahul
```
Here, `p1` is an object of class `Person`.
---
### **Why Use Classes and Objects?**
* To group related data and functions.
* To reuse code with multiple objects.
* To model real-world entities more naturally.
---
### **Object-Oriented Features**
* **Encapsulation**: Bind data and methods together.
* **Inheritance**: One class can inherit from another.
* **Polymorphism**: Same method name, different behavior in different classes.
---
### **Example of Inheritance**
```python
class Student(Person):
def study(self):
print(self.name, "is studying.")
```
```python
s1 = Student("Anjali", 20)
s1.greet()
s1.study()
```
---
### **Conclusion**
Classes and objects in Python allow for structured, reusable, and organized code. They are key to writing scalable and maintainable applications us
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