Arrays in Java: Single and Multi-dimensional

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Arrays in Java: Single and Multi-dimensional

In Java, an array is a data structure that stores multiple values of the same data type in a single variable. Arrays are used to store a fixed-size sequence of elements.

Single-Dimensional Arrays

A single-dimensional array is like a list. It holds a sequence of elements in a linear form.

Syntax:

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int[] numbers = new int[5];

Here, numbers is an array that can hold 5 integers. You can also initialize it directly:

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int[] numbers = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};

Accessing elements:

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System.out.println(numbers[0]); // prints 10

Multi-Dimensional Arrays

A multi-dimensional array is like an array of arrays. The most common is the two-dimensional array, used to represent matrices or tables.

Syntax:

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int[][] matrix = new int[3][3];

This creates a 3x3 matrix. Initialization example:

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int[][] matrix = {

  {1, 2, 3},

  {4, 5, 6},

  {7, 8, 9}

};

Accessing elements:

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System.out.println(matrix[1][2]); // prints 6

You can also create jagged arrays, where each row can have different column sizes.

Summary:

Single-dimensional arrays store data in a linear format.

Multi-dimensional arrays (2D, 3D, etc.) store data in a grid-like format.

Arrays in Java are zero-indexed, and their size is fixed once declared.

Arrays are useful for storing collections of data efficiently in structured forms.

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